Das TAR-Syndrom (thrombocytopenia, absent radius) ist eine autosomal rezessive Erkrankung, die durch biallelische Varianten auf dem RBM8A-Gen ausgelöst wird. Davon muss sich eine pathogene Variante auf einem Allel und eine weitere seltene Variante auf dem anderen Allel befinden. Charakteristisch ist die Thrombozytopenie und das Fehlen des Radius-Knochens am Unterarm.
Die Thrombozytopenie lässt sich im peripheren Blut nachweisen und geht mit einer verminderten Zahl an Megakaryozyten im Knochenmark einher. Durch die verminderte thrombozytäre Gerinnung besteht ein erhöhtes Blutungsrisiko.
Das Fehlen des Radius bei gleichzeitig noch vorhandenem Daumen ist ein wichtiges differentialdiagnostisches Unterscheidungsmerkmal. Bei schwereren Fällen können auch weitere Knochen, wie die Ulna und auch die unteren Extremitäten, mitbetroffen sein.
Diese Erkrankung lässt sich meist schon bei der vorgeburtlichen Sonographie vermuten. Der Beweis erfolgt durch den molekulargenetischen Nachweis der Varianten im RBM8A-Gen.
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