Toll-like-Rezeptor 4
Das TLR4-Gen kodiert den Toll-like-Rezeptor 4, der sich auf der Außenseite der Zellmembran auf die Erkennung von Lipopolysachariden gramnegativer Bakterien spezialisiert hat.
Gentests:
Klinisch |
Untersuchungsmethoden |
Familienuntersuchung |
Bearbeitungszeit |
5 Tage |
Probentyp |
genomische DNS |
Verknüpfte Erkrankungen:
Referenzen:
1. |
Clark SR et al. (2007) Platelet TLR4 activates neutrophil extracellular traps to ensnare bacteria in septic blood.
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2. |
Nakajima T et al. (2008) Natural selection in the TLR-related genes in the course of primate evolution.
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3. |
Carvalho A et al. (2008) Polymorphisms in toll-like receptor genes and susceptibility to pulmonary aspergillosis.
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4. |
Weindl G et al. (2007) Human epithelial cells establish direct antifungal defense through TLR4-mediated signaling.
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5. |
Seki E et al. (2007) TLR4 enhances TGF-beta signaling and hepatic fibrosis.
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6. |
Ferwerda B et al. (2007) TLR4 polymorphisms, infectious diseases, and evolutionary pressure during migration of modern humans.
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7. |
Vogl T et al. (2007) Mrp8 and Mrp14 are endogenous activators of Toll-like receptor 4, promoting lethal, endotoxin-induced shock.
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8. |
Awomoyi AA et al. (2007) Association of TLR4 polymorphisms with symptomatic respiratory syncytial virus infection in high-risk infants and young children.
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9. |
Apetoh L et al. (2007) Toll-like receptor 4-dependent contribution of the immune system to anticancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
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10. |
Tulic MK et al. (2007) TLR4 polymorphisms mediate impaired responses to respiratory syncytial virus and lipopolysaccharide.
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11. |
Ohto U et al. (2007) Crystal structures of human MD-2 and its complex with antiendotoxic lipid IVa.
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12. |
Bochud PY et al. (2008) Toll-like receptor 4 polymorphisms and aspergillosis in stem-cell transplantation.
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13. |
Cao CX et al. (2007) Reduced cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in Toll-like receptor 4 deficient mice.
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14. |
Seimon TA et al. (2006) Combinatorial pattern recognition receptor signaling alters the balance of life and death in macrophages.
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15. |
Zhang X et al. (2006) Toll-like receptor 4 deficiency causes pulmonary emphysema.
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16. |
Shi H et al. (2006) TLR4 links innate immunity and fatty acid-induced insulin resistance.
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17. |
Zacharowski K et al. (2006) Toll-like receptor 4 plays a crucial role in the immune-adrenal response to systemic inflammatory response syndrome.
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18. |
Blander JM et al. (2006) Toll-dependent selection of microbial antigens for presentation by dendritic cells.
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19. |
Mockenhaupt FP et al. (2006) Toll-like receptor (TLR) polymorphisms in African children: Common TLR-4 variants predispose to severe malaria.
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20. |
Seo KW et al. (2005) Protective role of interleukin-10 promoter gene polymorphism in the pathogenesis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis after allogeneic stem cell transplantation.
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21. |
Zareparsi S et al. (2005) Toll-like receptor 4 variant D299G is associated with susceptibility to age-related macular degeneration.
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22. |
Tanga FY et al. (2005) The CNS role of Toll-like receptor 4 in innate neuroimmunity and painful neuropathy.
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23. |
Andonegui G et al. (2009) Mice that exclusively express TLR4 on endothelial cells can efficiently clear a lethal systemic Gram-negative bacterial infection.
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24. |
Tang AT et al. (2017) Endothelial TLR4 and the microbiome drive cerebral cavernous malformations.
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25. |
Millien VO et al. (2013) Cleavage of fibrinogen by proteinases elicits allergic responses through Toll-like receptor 4.
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26. |
Ohto U et al. (2012) Structural analyses of human Toll-like receptor 4 polymorphisms D299G and T399I.
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27. |
Hayashi C et al. (2012) Protective role for TLR4 signaling in atherosclerosis progression as revealed by infection with a common oral pathogen.
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28. |
Figueroa L et al. (2012) The Asp299Gly polymorphism alters TLR4 signaling by interfering with recruitment of MyD88 and TRIF.
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29. |
Henao-Mejia J et al. (2012) Inflammasome-mediated dysbiosis regulates progression of NAFLD and obesity.
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30. |
Zanoni I et al. (2011) CD14 controls the LPS-induced endocytosis of Toll-like receptor 4.
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31. |
Gray P et al. (2010) Identification of a novel human MD-2 splice variant that negatively regulates Lipopolysaccharide-induced TLR4 signaling.
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32. |
Maroso M et al. (2010) Toll-like receptor 4 and high-mobility group box-1 are involved in ictogenesis and can be targeted to reduce seizures.
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33. |
St John AL et al. (2009) Salmonella disrupts lymph node architecture by TLR4-mediated suppression of homeostatic chemokines.
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34. |
Hawn TR et al. (2005) Toll-like receptor 4 polymorphisms are associated with resistance to Legionnaires' disease.
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35. |
Bochud PY et al. (2009) Polymorphisms in Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) are associated with protection against leprosy.
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36. |
Hammad H et al. (2009) House dust mite allergen induces asthma via Toll-like receptor 4 triggering of airway structural cells.
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37. |
Park BS et al. (2009) The structural basis of lipopolysaccharide recognition by the TLR4-MD-2 complex.
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38. |
Asakura Y et al. (2009) Toll-like receptor 4 polymorphisms and aspergillosis.
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39. |
Cervera C et al. (2009) Toll-like receptor 4 polymorphisms and aspergillosis.
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40. |
Levitz SM et al. (2009) Toll-like receptor 4 polymorphisms and aspergillosis.
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41. |
Deng J et al. (2009) Toll-like receptors 4 and 5 induce distinct types of vasculitis.
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42. |
Trompette A et al. (2009) Allergenicity resulting from functional mimicry of a Toll-like receptor complex protein.
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43. |
Mossman KL et al. (2008) Cutting edge: FimH adhesin of type 1 fimbriae is a novel TLR4 ligand.
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44. |
None (2008) TLR polymorphisms and the risk of invasive fungal infections.
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45. |
Zhang D et al. (2015) Neutrophil ageing is regulated by the microbiome.
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46. |
Hu YH et al. (2015) WDFY1 mediates TLR3/4 signaling by recruiting TRIF.
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47. |
Doyle S et al. (2002) IRF3 mediates a TLR3/TLR4-specific antiviral gene program.
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48. |
Shirey KA et al. (2013) The TLR4 antagonist Eritoran protects mice from lethal influenza infection.
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49. |
Rolls A et al. (2007) Toll-like receptors modulate adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
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50. |
Boraska Jelavić T et al. (2006) Microsatelite GT polymorphism in the toll-like receptor 2 is associated with colorectal cancer.
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51. |
Supajatura V et al. (2002) Differential responses of mast cell Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in allergy and innate immunity.
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52. |
Wolfs TG et al. (2002) In vivo expression of Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 by renal epithelial cells: IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha mediated up-regulation during inflammation.
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53. |
Re F et al. (2001) Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 differentially activate human dendritic cells.
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54. |
Harju K et al. (2001) Ontogeny of Toll-like receptors Tlr2 and Tlr4 in mice.
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55. |
Aderem A et al. (2000) Toll-like receptors in the induction of the innate immune response.
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56. |
None (1968) Genetic control of leucocyte responses to endotoxin.
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57. |
Jiang D et al. (2005) Regulation of lung injury and repair by Toll-like receptors and hyaluronan.
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58. |
Blander JM et al. (2004) Regulation of phagosome maturation by signals from toll-like receptors.
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59. |
West AP et al. (2011) TLR signalling augments macrophage bactericidal activity through mitochondrial ROS.
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60. |
Muzio M et al. (2000) Differential expression and regulation of toll-like receptors (TLR) in human leukocytes: selective expression of TLR3 in dendritic cells.
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61. |
Rock FL et al. (1998) A family of human receptors structurally related to Drosophila Toll.
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62. |
Kasturi SP et al. (2011) Programming the magnitude and persistence of antibody responses with innate immunity.
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63. |
Delgado MF et al. (2009) Lack of antibody affinity maturation due to poor Toll-like receptor stimulation leads to enhanced respiratory syncytial virus disease.
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64. |
Kadowaki N et al. (2001) Subsets of human dendritic cell precursors express different toll-like receptors and respond to different microbial antigens.
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65. |
Roger T et al. () MIF regulates innate immune responses through modulation of Toll-like receptor 4.
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66. |
Kane M et. al. (2011) Successful transmission of a retrovirus depends on the commensal microbiota.
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67. |
Bochkov VN et al. (2002) Protective role of phospholipid oxidation products in endotoxin-induced tissue damage.
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68. |
Balistreri CR et al. (2004) Role of Toll-like receptor 4 in acute myocardial infarction and longevity.
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69. |
Li Q et al. (2004) Toll-like receptor 4 mutation impairs the macrophage TNFalpha response to peptidoglycan.
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70. |
Michelsen KS et al. (2004) Lack of Toll-like receptor 4 or myeloid differentiation factor 88 reduces atherosclerosis and alters plaque phenotype in mice deficient in apolipoprotein E.
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71. |
Hsu LC et al. (2004) The protein kinase PKR is required for macrophage apoptosis after activation of Toll-like receptor 4.
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72. |
Brinkmann V et al. (2004) Neutrophil extracellular traps kill bacteria.
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73. |
Oyama J et al. (2004) Reduced myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in toll-like receptor 4-deficient mice.
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74. |
Hollestelle SC et al. (2004) Toll-like receptor 4 is involved in outward arterial remodeling.
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75. |
Smirnova I et al. (2003) Assay of locus-specific genetic load implicates rare Toll-like receptor 4 mutations in meningococcal susceptibility.
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76. |
Andonegui G et al. (2003) Endothelium-derived Toll-like receptor-4 is the key molecule in LPS-induced neutrophil sequestration into lungs.
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77. |
Malley R et al. (2003) Recognition of pneumolysin by Toll-like receptor 4 confers resistance to pneumococcal infection.
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78. |
Pasare C et al. (2005) Control of B-cell responses by Toll-like receptors.
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79. |
Kiechl S et al. (2002) Toll-like receptor 4 polymorphisms and atherogenesis.
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80. |
Nagai Y et al. (2002) Essential role of MD-2 in LPS responsiveness and TLR4 distribution.
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81. |
Lorenz E et al. (2002) Relevance of mutations in the TLR4 receptor in patients with gram-negative septic shock.
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82. |
Kurt-Jones EA et al. (2000) Pattern recognition receptors TLR4 and CD14 mediate response to respiratory syncytial virus.
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83. |
Arbour NC et al. (2000) TLR4 mutations are associated with endotoxin hyporesponsiveness in humans.
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84. |
Rehli M et al. (2000) PU.1 and interferon consensus sequence-binding protein regulate the myeloid expression of the human Toll-like receptor 4 gene.
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85. |
Frantz S et al. (1999) Toll4 (TLR4) expression in cardiac myocytes in normal and failing myocardium.
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86. |
Poltorak A et al. (1998) Defective LPS signaling in C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScCr mice: mutations in Tlr4 gene.
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87. |
Medzhitov R et al. (1997) A human homologue of the Drosophila Toll protein signals activation of adaptive immunity.
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88. |
Michalek SM et al. (1980) The primary role of lymphoreticular cells in the mediation of host responses to bacterial endotoxim.
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Update: 23. Juni 2025